Peloponnesian War (431-404 BC)
King Philip II (359-336 BC) - Rise of Macedonia
Famine in Greece (330-326
BC)
The Hellenistic World is what happened between the reigns
of Alexander the Great [336-323 BC] and Julius Caesar (Augustus) [31 BC-14 AD]
His reign: 336-323 BC. He wanted to punish the Persians for their invasion of Greece 150 yrs ago. Within 1 year he controlled Greek cities in Turkey all the way to Gordium in the east.
333 – defeated Darius at Issus, then took control of Phoenicia and Egypt
North into Mesopotamia
331 – defeated Darius again at Gaugamela. The Persian empire which had been a threat to Greece for 200 years is in the hands of Alexander.
Conquered Sogdiana
Married Roxane
Moves from Afghanistan into Punjab and defeated an Indian king.
His troops revolt and he turns west via Baluchistan. Disastrous like Napoleon's retreat from Moscow
Dies 2 years later at age 32 in Babylon.
Left behind monarchy which was traditional to the
Macedonian state which led to 20 yrs of struggles btw kin and generals
275 - 3
Kingdoms established
Egypt – Ptolemy dynasty which lasted until Cleopatra defeated by Augustus 31 BC
Macedon – Antigonus Gonates takes power in 276, this dynasty lasts until Romans conquer in 168 BC