| 532 BC | Pythagoras flourished, Native of Samos |
| 470c-399 BC |
Socrates, Athenian. Executed with poison for unAthenian activities. His two students were the general Xenophon and Plato. He was courageous in battle. The forerunner of both the Stoic and Cynic schools of Greek Philosophy. Cynics - lack of concern for worldy goods. Stoics – Interest in virtue as greatest good. Socrates thought that sin comes from ignorance, so Good comes from knowledge. (For Christians it is a pure heart) |
| 300 BC | Euclid Taught |
| 2nd Cent AD | Marcus Aurelius emperor |
| 1483-1546 |
Martin Luther (1517 – 95 theses), German |
| 1491-1556 | Ignatius of Loyola: founded the Jesuit order, The Society of Jesus gains official recognition 1540. Organized the Spanish Inquisition |
| 1509-1564 | John Calvin, French, established in Geneva, predestination |
| 1564-1642 | Galileo |
| 1596-1650 | Descartes, Rene |
| 1623-1662 | Pascal, Blaise |
| 1632-1677 | Spinoza, Baruch |
| 1632-1704 | Locke, John |
|
1642-1727 |
Newton, Issac |
| 1646-1716 | Leibniz (von), Gottfried Wilhelm |
| 1685-1753 | Berkeley, George |
| 1711-1776 | Hume, David |
| 1712-1778 | Rousseau, Jean Jacques |
| 1723-1790 | Adam Smith, Wealth of Nations 1776 |
|
1724-1804 |
Kant, Immanuel |
|
1762-1814 |
Fichte, Johann Gottlieb |
| 1770-1831 | Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich |
|
1788-1860 |
Schopenhauer, Arthur |
| 1798-1857 | Comte, Isidore Auguste Marie Francois |
| 1809-1882 | Darwin, Charles |
|
1818-1883 |
Marx, Karl |
|
1836-1916 |
Mach, Ernst |
|
1844-1900 |
Nietzsche, Friedrich |
|
1856-1939 |
Freud Sigmund |
SOURCES
The European Philosophers From Descartes to Nietzsche, Ed. Monroe C. Beardsley. The Modern Library Edition 1992, New York. 1992. Copyright 1960 Random House.